Ethical Issues Unique To Group Therapy Social Work Essay

Ethical Issues Unique To Group Therapy Social Work Essay Group Therapy has a variety of ethical issues one of the main issues that maybe encountered is involuntary group members. Corey, Williams, and Moline (1995) explained that ethically a counselor should advise clienteles of theirs privileges and duties and advise them of any probable concerns they face if they choose to follow treatment. Informed consent is extremely important when participation is mandatory. Informed consent is something that all psychologist, counselor, and therapist have to obtain from clients. The consent is important because certain guidelines have to be followed by the counselor during the sessions. When a client becomes involuntary this puts the counselor in a comprising position. The counselor becomes comprised because the incorporation of the client places limits on the direction of the sessions in the group. The following is an example of legal issue where a patient refuses medical care. Website Merck (2007), stated People who have legal and clinical capacity may refuse any medical care. They may refuse care even if it is something almost everyone else would accept or something that is clearly life-saving. With that being said there is also a variety of issues related to right of refusal. The following is a list of some legal issues related to refusal of consent. American Bar Association (n.d.), stated religiously sponsored HMOs often do not cover prohibited services or provide information, counseling, or referrals to plan members who may want or need these services. Women in Medicaid managed care plans face particular challenges (Susan, Lourdes). Because of the risk of misdiagnosis financial factors have become an issue. Psychologist and therapist are avoiding working with some clients because of what insurance they have. The reason for this is because some insurance companies cannot be reimbursed for certain diagnosis. In addition insurance companies are starting to take practitioners to civil court for incompetence. Ethical Issues Unique to Individual Counseling Some of the ethical issues a counselor may encounter in individual counseling may range from dual relationships, involuntary client, moral dilemmas, breach of confidentiality, and other significant factors. Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling (2007), stated In the mid-1970s, New York Supreme Court Presiding Justice Markowitz recognized evidence that from the time of Freud to the present, the health care professions had agreed that therapist-patient sex harms patients (Pope, Vasquez, p. 174). The extent of sexual relationships has not been fully understood until recently. Within the past quarter century a diverse series of investigations have broaden the meaning of therapist client relationships in individual psychotherapy. Certain issues that were addressed in the investigation included how clients can be injured, physical contact with clients, and sexual attraction to patients. Studies that were conducted have concluded that certain outcomes for sexually abused clients. Clients who have been sexually involved with individual counselors produce negative outcomes. Therapist would choose Group Therapy Essentially, Group Therapy is targeted on assisting clients with data about specific categories in order to give supplementary means or data. Counselors believe that group therapy is more structured; in group therapy counselors also believe that clients are provided with precise categories or modules to debate and learn about. The intent is to supply individuals with access data about the categories, which is frequently recognized in the label of the group. the process group therapy is favored by counselors too. a process group is best explained as a group that targets on the experience of belonging to a group, itself, this recognition is part of the healing opportunity given within the group. An example would be the process of a client showing their ideas, emotions, and in the group, in the here and now can become the essential vehicle that finds change in group therapy. Counselors often choose group therapy to supplement individual therapy. Counselors believe group therapy will sup ply clients with access support, or as the primary part of healing work. On no account substance what issues a client may want to address in therapy, group therapy give clients the opportunity to share their thought which is part of their healing journey. Counselors believes that clients attending group gain a sense from the experience as a way to know that they are not alone and that there others, with similar experiences, who are supportive of them. Therapist would choose Individual Counseling Ethical decision making in professional psychology is important to regulate the practice of psychology. Individual counselors believe that ethical decision making procedures can produce positive psychological outcomes. In addition ethical decision making places a certain degree of accountability on the psychologist in individual counseling. Ethical guidelines and educational requirements ensure that clients receive adequate professional assistance on a one on one basis. Ethical decision making in a sense also causes a power shift. Paste psychological practices were controlled by the therapist. In modern times clients have a say so of what treatments and practices they want to receive. This is due to current ethical guidelines. Psychologists give numerous reasons why Multicultural psychology has become a subspecialty. With a society that is diverse in culture psychology had no choose but to be aware of these circumstances. Because of this factor training had to be given to researchers and psychologist in the career field. These measures were done to raise awareness of culture differences and to clarify that these differences had to be handled different individually. Cultural competence is best explained by CEO Services (2007), as the development of skills by individuals and systems to live and work with, educate and serve diverse individuals and communities. Â   Having multicultural psychology as a subspecialty eradicates negative beliefs about other cultures. In addition categories of discrimination, prejudice, lack of education, and ethical values are learned. A major issue with research done with past experiments was they were not culturally equal. Things like the above issue and other factors lead to the requirement of multicultural psychology as a subspecialty. If a professional is culturally competent they should see and understand cultural, economic, gender, and physical differences that another individual may have in society. Culturally competent professional should not be prejudiced in thought while considering another human being feelings and cultural traditions. Social Phobia has a connection with the stability-change issue. The Life -Span Development (2007) text explains the stability-change dispute consists of the point to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change. In the stability-change issue Develo pmental psychologists acknowledge the concept as broken into two separate issues. On the stability side of the issue psychologist argue that early experiences in life can affect a persons stability or there heredity can cause change in stability. But on the change side of the spectrum psychologist are arguing that peoples later experiences can cause change. So in saying that the change concept is basically that people are is constantly being molded throughout their life span. Distinctive Features Some of the distinctive features that are associated with social phobia range in vary areas. Person with social phobia experience excessive fear of being humiliated or judged negatively in social or performance situations (Heimberg, G. R., Liebowitz, R. M., Hope, A. D., Schneier, R. F., 1995). Social anxiety and panic disorder are also qualified as features in the social phobia criterion. The different experiences an individual lives through and witness can mold their mind state. If an individual has had many experiences dealing with discrimination they may perceive the world as unfair. If an individual is or maybe was raised in poverty they may perceive the world as unfair and class based. A prime example would be a minority individual born during the civil rights era or earlier. These individuals had witnessed the inequality of America and seen the horror that come from inequality. A majority of individuals who lived during those times have negative views on white America. I have seen this in my grandmother who is 83. She can get along with other races but she is still to a degree stuck in the past. Often stating how minorities should watch they do because of inequality. Ethical Challenges I may Face Being a counselor some of the many ethical challenges I believe I will face will be as followed. Being a counselor whether the setting is for a group or individual counseling Being mentally aware is important for individuals so they can understand their personal ethical perspectives in life. If individuals have an understanding of their ethical perspective other attributes can be understood. Personal ethical views can influence emotions and reactive behavior in some individuals. Personal ethical perspectives are essential in formulating who an individual is and what they stand for. In addition understanding personal ethical perspective is necessary when choosing a career field. Ethical dilemmas can be frequent if professional ethics are opposite of an employees personal ethics. If personal ethics are misunderstood stress can manifest in individuals. Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling (2007), stated Uncertainty causes stress for some of us. We cannot find that magical book that wi ll tell us what to do, especially in a crisis (Pope, Vasquez, p. 2). The argument about personal and professional ethics has been debated for a while. But each ethic is unique and essentially a necessity to function in society. The United States has become a nation were ethical perspectives are revered. The evolution the United States has made is amazing. Manifesting from a primitive culture to what is now known as the ethical nation. Work ethics involve such characteristics as honesty and accountability. Basically, work ethics break down to what one does or would do in a particular situation ethics as guidelines restrict the abrasive production low safety, employees non-companies, non-compliance with legal regulations and even lawsuits. Ethical regulations decline tension; makes the environment more beneficial by fostering a goal focused climate of cooperation that even boost business. Ethical regulations purely boost a positive site for the future. Confidentiality Better Morale Worker safety Organized work environment All organizations have laws that they have to abide by, employees, board members, and those who work voluntarily must do the same. Regardless of personal feelings toward those laws, they are to obey all laws in the performance of their work on behalf of Community Services. Ethics is the central part, the heart of leading and include private duties of service and public duties to the common good. Therefore, personal, professional, and practical ethics are included into a multidimensional perspective of ethical leadership in human service organizations Development of Professional Ethics through Societal Norms Ethical standards have a role in societys developmental norms. Social norms are explained on Sociology Guide website. Sociology Guide (2006), stated Sociologists have offered the following definition. Social norms are rules developed by a group of people that specify how people must, should, may, should not, and must not behave in various situations. To better understand what ethical standards really mean, the Santa Clara University (2007), stated Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong; Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs. Being ethical is doing what the law requires; Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks, S.J., and Meyer). Evolution of cultural factors and beliefs has impacted ethical standards also. Some of these factors are responsibility, malpractice, ethical dilemmas, ethical judgment, reasoning, language, and justifications. American 18 or 1900s social norms seem barbaric compared to 21st century norms. A prime example of disturbing social norms and ethical codes are practices of psychology. Practices such as psychosurgery left permanent damage to areas of the brain. Other primitive methods used were insane asylums, electroconvulsive therapy, and Trepanation. Robert Todd Carroll (2007) states Trepanation is the process of cutting a hole in the skull. If those procedures were practiced today society would consider them cruel and legally incorrect. Ethical standards and codes have helped the American nation become civilized. Civilized behavior is a progression compared to when individuals would react by emotions. In addition the codes have formed this nation into a more business oriented society. Ethical standards have made equal right obtainable to women. Because ethical standards and codes affect social norms woman can vote, and get equal pay. Equal bus seating, right to vote, and other factors African Americans gained because of ethical standards. Disabled individuals have also gotten opportunities to work. Through the development of new ethics standards societal norms have also changed and quality of life for all individuals has improved. APA Ethics Code The American Psychological Associations Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct consist of an introduction, a preamble, five general principles and specific ethical standards. The general principles and preamble are not enforceable rules. However, they should be considered by psychologists in arriving at a professional and ethical course of action. The Ethical Standards are set enforceable rules for conduct of psychologists/psychiatrists. Most of these standards are written so they apply to psychologists that have various roles within the field. The American Psychological Association enforces members and student residents to comply with the standards of their ethics code and the procedures and rules that are used to enforce them. Misunderstanding or lack of awareness of the code is not considered a defense if a member and/or student resident is charged with unethical conduct. The APAs Ethics code ensures psychologies will protect the human and civil rights and the importance of freedom of inquiry and expression in teaching, research and publication. Psychologists perform many roles; such as educators, diagnosticians, researchers, supervisors, therapist, administrators, consultants, expert witnesses and social interventionists. The APAs Ethics codes provide a common set of standards and principles, in which psychologist, researcher, therapist, etc. build their scientific and professional work. APA Ethical Violations The impact of the American Psychological Associations (APA) ethical standards and codes on professional practice in the field of psychology includes how the ethical issues are resolved once one is accused. The ethical code deals with such matters as: misuse of psychologists work, conflicts between ethics and law, regulations, or other governing legal authority, informal resolution of ethical violations, reporting ethical violations, improper complaints, and unfair discrimination against complainants and respondents. (APA, 2002) Psychologists who learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work may take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation through the APA. When there is a conflict between ethics and law, regulations, or other governing legal authority and a psychologists responsibilities they make known their commitment to the Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict. If the conflict cannot be resolved via such means, psychologists may adhere to the requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal authority. (APA, 2002) Sometimes situations may call for informal resolution of ethical violations. If a psychologist believes that there may have been an ethical violation by another psychologist, they may attempt to resolve the issue by bringing it to the attention of that individual, if an informal resolution appears appropriate and the intervention does not violate any confidentiality rights that may be involved. Reporting ethical violations may be necessary when an apparent ethical violation has substantially harmed or is likely to substantially harm a person or organization. Psychologists may take further action appropriate to the situation such as referral to state or national committees on professional ethics, to state licensing boards, or to the appropriate institutional authorities. This standard does not apply when an intervention would violate confidentiality rights or when psychologists have been retained to review the work of another psychologist whose professional conduct is in question. (AP A, 2002) When a Psychologist does not file or encourage the filing of ethics complaints that are made with reckless disregard for or willful ignorance of facts that would disprove the allegation the ethics code allows for treatment of these improper complaints. Unfair discrimination against complainants and respondents in the APA ethics code demands that Psychologists do not deny persons employment, advancement, admissions to academic or other programs, tenure, or promotion, based solely upon their having made or their being the subject of an ethics complaint. This does not preclude taking action based upon the outcome of such proceedings or considering other appropriate information. (APA, 2002) Psychology and Professional Ethics Psychologists have an obligation to protect the people in which they counsel on a regular basis. Ethic codes have been created to protect the public and offer guidance to professionals in serving their clientele. Many different mental health organizations have their own set of ethical codes in which they follow on a day to day basis. Without these ethical codes, they would not be able to properly protect themselves or their clients in the unlikely event that they are accused or sued for malpractice. There is believed to be three main reasons that these ethical standards and codes have been created for professional psychologists to follow. The three standards and codes are the general reason is to educate professionals about adequate ethical conduct; consultants that comprehend the standards may acknowledge prolonged alertness, ideals-interpretation, and difficult-answering abilities. Next, ethical standards encourage responsibility, also, counselors need to preserve ethical conduct encourage such from colleagues as well. Third the code of ethics helps support in cultivating preparation by proposing answers to challenging inquiries and circumstances (Herlihy Corey, 1996). Ethical issues in mental-health are governed by professional codes and laws. Law defines the minimum standards of performance which society will tolerate and these standards are enforced by the government. Ethics illustrates maximum or ideal standards of performance set by the profession and are managed by professional associations, national certification boards, and government boards which regulate professions (Remley, 1996). Ethical codes that are used in mental- health organizations are revised when new issues in the psychological community arise. Providing a code of ethics to clients receiving psychological care has proven to be fundamental in the field of psychology. Not only to the psychologist providing treatment but also to the client who is receiving treatment on a daily, weekly, or even a monthly basis. Besides knowing these rules, a therapist must be able to think rationally and apply different ethical standards to each individual situation that may crop up while they are providing professional counseling services. Not every situation is covered under these individual codes and standards. Often a psychologist is forced to make their own decisions in regards to which way to best treat a client who is seeking help. Without these codes of ethics, a therapist would be unprotected should they provide the wrong type of treatment to one of the clients they are serving. This could often a therapist up to losing their license to practice and be sued which could end up costing them a fortune financially, professionally, and pers onally. Conclusion The APA ethics code systematically describes how psychologists and psychiatrists should behave in a professional environment. Societal norms have helped to define how professional ethics should be followed and has also contributed to how the APAs ethics code has developed. Through communication of this ethics code among psychologists, they can hope to have greater success with clients and better relationships with colleagues.

Analysis of The Threat of National ID :: William Safire

Threat of National ID In William Safire’s â€Å"The Threat of National ID†, he argues against a National ID card. Safire published an article in the New York Times to establish different context. Safire gives details about the use of National ID card at different places in different situations. He emphasizes that many Americans are willing to give up personal privacy in return for greater safety, but none of us have privacy regarding where we go and what we do all the time. Safire disputes that mandatory National ID become necessary for people to prevent fear of terror attack. Safire emphasizes his argument around a comparison of a lost dog with a newly developed chip fixed underneath their skin which would let animal shelter alert owner of their pets. He declares that using a chip to find a lost animal would be a good side of technology, whereas fear of terrorism has placed American in threat of trading our right to be let alone for the fake security.

Capella unit

In The Workplace In many business's today important vital customer information is stored within a company's database, easily accessed by employees with the right verification. The vulnerability of sensitive information is at an alarming risk. Most company's password policies are vague only asking for a one step verification, which entails either the employee's date of birth, or the last four digits of their social security number. I have vast experience working in hotels, and the one common thing I have personally foundIs that the password authentication process can easily be manipulated. As years of working In the hotel business I have had access to customers' credit card numbers, addresses, phone numbers, as well as email addresses. I have personally seen the ease of accessing another person's password. Hypothetically In the hotel business If a customer or any other unauthorized person or persons were able to access the hotel computers, It wouldn't be too difficult to hack one of t he employees' passwords and gain access to the customer files containing all of their information.It is my personal pinion that every company big or small should have a complex password authentication system in place to protect the very customers that keep them afloat. We see it not quite daily but do see it often in the news where business's get hacked into and hundreds of thousands of people are affected. Most of the time these â€Å"hacks† would have been easily avoided had the company put in place a more complex password authentication system. In closing I hope to one day develop a hack proof password system, to protect not only consumers, but corporate database, as well as their integrity.

Definition and Examples of Serial Verbs in English

What I Have Thought About Addiction - 823 Words

Knowledge of Addiction My present knowledge of addiction comes from lectures, watching documentary of all kind as personally have not developed such negative â€Å"habit† besides drinking coffee regularly, however, I have more knowledge about alcohol consumption. Partially due to of my cultural background and costume, we/I viewed moderate alcohol assumption as a norm behavior. For instance, in most occasions’ alcohol use was part of celebration. Although I know some exceptions do exist that attributes to certain religions. What I have thought about addiction is a chronic, but treatable disorder. I am aware of that people who are addicted cannot control their need or crave for alcohol or other drugs in which this lack of control changes behavior, and ultimately lead to a brain damage. While alcohol use is part of culture in most society, when a person hits the alcohol addiction stage, he/she will experience adverse symptoms that include tolerance of alcohol use. According to the textbook, 52.1 percent of Americans aged 12 or older reported being current drinkers, which estimates 135.5 million drinkers (pg.18). Further, addiction is a condition that results from an initial pleasure that later become compulsive, it could and will interfere with one’s everyday life responsibilities. In worst case, he/she is not aware that his/her behavior is out of control and causes serious consequences to him/herself and problems to others. Although some cultures experienceShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sex Addiction1296 Words   |  6 PagesSex Addiction By Victor Banks COM/156 Amy Qualls May 12, 2013 Thesis Addictions can come in many forms, but I will be focusing on sexual addiction. There are many ways to help people fight addiction such as counseling, or rehabilitation. Body 1 Everyday in America, more people become addicted to sex. According toRead MoreThe Death Of Smoking Cigarettes Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesmy lungs every breath I took. 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Personal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling

Professional experience in my career so far as well as personal experience receiving therapeutic counseling have given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. I have determined that each individual comes with a unique context and narrative and that my role is to facilitate a client’s self-determination and decision-making by developing a positive relationship that allows the client freedom to take risks or make informed choices. Also I believe that the counselor creates the trusting relationship where poor choices and failed attempts to meet goals can be explored and utilized by the client to move forward with lessons learned. It is difficult for me to choose a theory or two as I believe I have been influenced over many years by many different schools of thought. Much of my career prior to working as a case coordinator in the Wisconsin Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, was at Job Corps working with disadvantaged youth. Training for staff at Job Corps focused on motivating youth and particularly on youth at risk, so there was an element that took from counseling theory within that training. For example, one training and philosophy at Job Corps was described with the following terms: rigor + relevance + relationship = results. I still adhere to the concepts of rigor (rapid engagement), relevance (selecting appropriate action steps or methods), relationships (the relationship between professional and client must be a healthy one and otherShow MoreRelatedCareer And Personal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling878 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional experience in my career and personal experience re ceiving therapeutic counseling has given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. 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HND Business Management Collective Organization

Question: Describe about the HND Business Management for Collective Organization. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the study is to evaluate the importance of business mission, vision, core competency and objectives in strategy development. Nowadays, organizations are focusing on the strategic development in order to gain superiority in competitive market. In order to build business in competitive market, the contemporary organizations are paying close attention to the market research (Leibold and Hugo 2015). It helps organizations to understand the market trends and competitors strengths and weaknesses. The competition is rapidly increasing in global market and therefore, it is highly important for the companies to define goals and objectives. It would help the companies to break down the broad goal into small objectives. Section 1: Understanding the process of strategic planning Assessing how missions, visions, goals, objectives and core competencies inform strategic planning Mission Mission statement defines the commitment of function of an organization. It also defines the overall aim, which an organization wants to meet within a specific deadline. An effective mission statement helps an organization to identify the targeted customers and the products or services (Kacker et al. 2016). Apart from that, it describes the way in which an organization needs to run its business in domestic or global market. Following is the example of mission statement of Tesco. To achieve the leading position in retail industry in global market To expand the market share of Tesco to the international market To provide quality products at affordable price in order to increase consumers value in global market Vision Vision statement of an organization defines the extent in which an organization has planned to be financially successful. It consists of the potential benefits of the investors or stakeholders after investing in the business model (Barrick et al. 2015). For instance, Tescos vision is to become the leading organization in retail industry. The company is aimed to provide high quality products at low cost in order to attract stakeholders and shareholders in global market. Goals and objectives The purpose of setting goals and objectives is to achieve a specific result from the business model. Here, goals determines the overall aim of an organization, while on the other hand, objectives are the stages through which the organization will achieve the goal. An effective goal should be realistic and time specific (Muhammad and Abdullah 2016). On the other hand, objectives should be formed in chronological order in order to follow a systematic procedure. Following are the examples of goals and objectives in relation with Tesco. Goals: The aim of Tesco is to ensure good customer experience by providing quality service to each customer. Objective: Employees of Tesco need to focus on customer satisfaction in order to address requirements of customers in an efficient manner. Core competency Core competency of a business refers to the factors that make a business unique and effective among its competitors (Waddington and Frick 2015). The factors may be the uniqueness of products, availability of products and reputation of the company. Following is the example core competency of Tesco. Tesco has adopted product diversification strategy in order to increase product availability in global market. It would help the company to influence consumers perception in an effective manner. Factors have to be considered while formulating strategic planning In order to formulate an effective strategic plan, an organization needs to consider internal and external factors. The internal factors would be organizational structure, human resource, management and leadership style. On the other hand, the external factors are economic condition, climate and governmental law (Choi, Yeo and Ko 2016). When it comes to the internal factors, an organization should understand the organizational culture, in order to develop efficient strategy. The workforce should be diversified in terms of cultural background. It would help the organization to achieve a set of objectives. Organizations need to change the internal aspects in order to change the overall organizational strategy. For example, CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs had changed the organizational culture and leadership style in order to avoid bankruptcy in 2001. On the other hand, Sony Corporation was unable to handle the external factors while implementing strategic planning (Omore 2015). The company ha d suffered damages due to earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Effectiveness of techniques for strategic planning In order to conduct strategic planning, organizations rely on several techniques such as SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters Five Forces Analysis. These techniques help to evaluate the internal and external factor that affects business strategic planning. Following are the effectiveness of the above-mentioned techniques of strategic planning. SWOT analysis: This tool helps to understand current state of a business by investigating its strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats. Strengths identification helps an organization to take advantages to develop the brand (Elbanna, Andrews and Pollanen 2016). Understanding the weaknesses would help an organization to improve internal business process. Threats identification helps an organization to implement relevant strategy. Finally, identification of opportunity helps an organization to exploit the positive aspects of the business model. For example, one of the major strength of Tesco is that the company who provides value for money. Identifying this strength would help the company to maintain good brand image in market. When it comes to weaknesses, Tesco has low experience in some of the markets, which may affect profitability of the company. Identifying the drawbacks would help the company to develop cohesive business strategies. PESTLE analysis: This tool helps to investigate the external market forces that may affects business of an organization. This technique helps to evaluate political, environmental, social, technological, legal and environmental state of the business (Rothaermel 2015). Through the evaluation of above-mentioned factors, an organization would be able to understand the target market in an efficient manner. For example, an organization may face issues in international market due to adverse political situation. It is highly important to identify the probable issues in order to conduct feasibility check of the newly targeted market. Porters Five Forces Analysis: This analytical tool helps to determine the type of market competition through analyzing suppliers power, threat of new entry, buyers power, and threat of substitute products, new entrance and market rivalry. For an example, buyers power may prevent the company to implement premium-pricing strategy. On the other hand, high bargaining power of suppliers may prevent the company from circulating the product in the market. Section 2: Formulating a new strategy Strategic position of Tesco In order to evaluate the strategic position of Tesco, SWOT analysis would be the most efficient tool (Ward and Peppard 2016). It would help to understand the internal situation and the current strategic movement of the organization in an effective manner. Following is the SWOT analysis of Tesco. Strengths: Tesco is one of the largest retail chains in global market. The company has good brand image in domestic and international market. In this competitive market, the company has 6784 stores in global market, which is the key strength of the company. Moreover, the company has online retail platform through which the company has successfully established an online presence. Weaknesses: Tesco has a diversified product range including books, foods, insurance, furniture and financial services. Therefore, the company is facing profitability issue due to bad debt financial accounts and high value insurance claim by the households. Therefore, the company is unable to increase the profit margin with the current business model. Opportunities: The Company can expand in international market with new product range such as digital entertainment. Moreover, Tesco can introduce technological products such as Smartphone and tablets in order to attract consumers. Moreover, the company can expand in overseas market such as Australian market in order to increase business profitability. Threats: High competition is one of the major threats for Tesco. In global market, Tesco is the leading supermarket chain and therefore, competitors are implementing business strategies in order to affect business growth of the company. Environmental audit of Tesco Tesco is complying with the environmental policies in order to conduct sustainable business. The company has planned for reducing carbon footprint by 20% in order to attract stakeholders. The company is currently reducing waste in UK stores in order to improve environment quality (Kotler et al. 2015). The company is not only considered the external environment, but also focuses on internal environment of the company. Here, the company has shown a responsible approach towards its employees. Following is the environmental audit of the company by evaluating PESTLE analysis. Political: Tesco operates in global market, and therefore; the company needs to comply with the global acts or legislations in order to conduct sustainable business (Lewrick et al. 2015). Political stability of the targeted country affects business process of the company in an effective manner. Economic: Economic position of the targeted country influences business performance of the company (Johnston and Marshall 2016). During the time of recession, cost of leaving of the target market increases. Therefore, it has negative impact on the business process of Tesco. Social: The trend of bulk shopping in UK market has increased business scope for the retail companies including Tesco. Moreover, Tesco has a wide range of products through which the company can satisfy the targeted consumers. Technological: Technological innovation influences business growth of Tesco in an effective manner (Ward and Peppard 2016). The company is rapidly improving its online presence in order to attract consumers in UK market. Environmental: The Company needs to address the environmental issues in order to conduct sustainable business. Tesco has planned to reduce carbon footprint by 50% by the end of 2020. Legal: Policies and legal procedures of government have a wide impact on business sustainability of Tesco (Strauss 2016). In order to conduct sustainable business, the company needs to comply with the legal policies. For instance, government has a code of practice through which the company needs to a minimum food quality. Significance of stakeholders while formulating new strategies In order to formulate a new strategy for Tesco, it is highly important to consider involvement of the stakeholders. Here, the company needs to understand the importance of customers, employees and investors while formulating a new strategy (Richards 2015). Following are the significance of the stated stakeholders while strategy formulation. Customers: An organization should understand needs and requirements of the consumers before formulating a set of strategies. In this competitive market, the organizations need to develop customer centric strategies. Employees: In order to formulate efficient strategies, an organization needs to involve the employees. It would help an organization to encourage innovation within the organization. Moreover, the employees would be able to share their viewpoints while decision-making. Investors: In order to implement the strategy, the company needs to communicate with the investors (Kacker et al. 2016). The company should explain the newly developed strategy to the investors in order to conduct the implementation process. Presenting a new strategy for Tesco In order to attract consumers in competitive market, the company needs to develop an efficient pricing strategy. In retail industry, online advertisement and promotional advertisement strategy would be the most efficient business strategy. Following is the evaluation of the newly developed business strategies. Online advertisement: The Company needs to build an online presence in order to attract consumers. The company should utilize the social media platform in order to promote products among the targeted consumers (Barrick et al. 2015). This strategy will help the company to promote the promotional offers, which will help to engage word-of-mouth marketing. This business strategy would help the company to reach to the maximum number of consumers within short span of time. In this competitive market, it is highly important to communicate with the consumers randomly. Social media advertisement would help the company to address quarries of individual consumers directly. Therefore, this strategy would help the company to gain competitive advantages. Promotional offers: Tesco already has the club-card loyalty program through which the company provides promotional discounts to the consumers (Muhammad and Abdullah 2016). Apart from that, the company should provide more promotional offers in order to attract consumers from competitive market. Promotional offer is one of the most effective and globally acknowledged marketing mixes. The company needs to introduce promotional offers for both new and existing customers in global market. It would help the company increase customer retention for both existing and new customers. Section 3: Understanding approaches to strategy evaluation Appropriateness of alternative strategy The strategies developed for Tesco would help the company to attract consumers in new target market. Online advertisement would help the company to reach to the maximum number of target market within short period of time. Apart from that, this marketing strategy would help the company to build an online presence in global market. As per the SWOT analysis of Tesco, the major threat that the company has is threat. Therefore, creating an online presence would help the company to maintain good brand image. In case of market entry, the company needs to communicate with the consumers directly (Waddington and Frick 2015). Online advertisement would help the company communicate with the consumers through social media platform. On the other hand, providing promotional offers to the consumers would help the company to influence buying behavior of the consumers in an efficient manner. This strategy is a globally acknowledged process for new market entry. When it comes to the promotional offers, this would help the company to gain competitive advantages. In order to influence buying behavior of consumers, it is highly important to increase value for money. Promotional offers would not only increase products value, but also it would provide extra benefits to the consumers. Therefore, this strategy is also justified in this context Justifying the selected strategy The aim of the company is to expand business in global market. However, the company is conducting business is global market. The aim of the company is to expand the business by targeting cross border target markets. Two strategies have been selected such as online marketing and promotional offers (Choi, Yeo and Ko 2016). Both the strategies would help the company to influence buying behavior of new target market. Therefore, it can be said that the newly developed strategies are justified and effective for Tesco. In case of online advertisement, it would help the company to target a new customer segment and provide adequate product information to the customers within short time. The purpose of this strategy is to communicate with the consumers more efficiently. In case of new target market, promotional offers play a vital role. For example, this strategy was proven as effective for the biggest competitor of Tesco Walmart. Therefore, the selection of both the strategies is justified in terms of the companys aim and objectives. Section 4: Implementing a chosen strategy Responsibilities of the personnel who will implement the strategy Leaders of an organization are solely responsible for implementing the developed strategies. In case of Tesco, the managers should develop objectives in order to implement the newly developed strategies. The employees would be responsible for executing the objectives within the preferred time (Omore 2015). It would help the leaders to initiate a team-working environment, which will further help to achieve overall goal of the company. There will be two key project management teams such as SEO and marketing team for implementing the online advertisement strategy. In case of Walmart, the company has strong SEO team, and the team is continuously improving the online contents in order to create good online presence. In the strategy implementation of promotional offers, there will be two project management staffs such as market research associates and supervisor. The research associates will be responsible for understanding competitors activities and promotional offers. On the other hand, the supervisor will be responsible for creating effective promotional offers for the customers. In case of IKEA, the company has a team of research associates, who is responsible for identifying promotional strategies of the competitors Estimated resource requirements In order to implement the strategy of online advertisement, the company will need a team of SEO (Search Engine Optimizer). The team will be responsible for developing online advertisement content. Apart from that, the team will be responsible for communicating with the consumers directly (Elbanna, Andrews and Pollanen 2016). The marketing team will be responsible for communicating with the customers. Here, the company needs both physical and financial resources. The company would require financial resources for the online advertismnt platforms like Facebook and Twitter. On the other hand, in order to provide promotional offers the company would require a vast market research. Here, the company would be able to understand the promotional offers through which competitors are influencing consumers buying behavior. Therefore, the market research associates would be the physical resource for the company. Apart from that, in order to provide promotional offers, the company would require to reduce product price. That would require a financial resource, as the company need to reduce price from the market price. The market data would be the most relevant resource for implementing this particular strategy. Contribution of SMART target to achieve strategy implementation In order to achieve organization goal, an organization should develop the objectives through SMART objective framework. Here, S stands for specific, which helps the organization can build specific objectives. In order to implement cohesive strategy implementation, specific objectives set the required bench market. For example, it can be a particular financial figure that an organization is planning to achieve. M stands for Measurable, which helps an organization to measure feasibility of the framed objectives (Lewrick et al. 2015). This tool would help the company to measure the successfulness of the framed objectives. A stands for Attainable, which helps an organization to improve skills and abilities for achieving the goal. In order to implement successful strategy implementation, it is highly important to understand the required resources. For example, it can be the financial and physical resources for implementing the strategies. R stands for realistic, which helps an organizatio n to build realistic objectives. The objectives framed for achieving a particular objective should be realistic as per market environment. It helps an organization to achieve the framed objectives within the preferred deadline successfully. T stands for timely, which helps to achieve the objectives within a specific time. In order to fulfill requirements of successful strategy implementation, an organization should each objectives within a specific time. 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